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21.
Few jurisdictions have translated internationally agreed social impact assessment (SIA) principles into statutory provisions. Governments and regulatory bodies tend to provide developers with high-level frameworks, or require that social impacts be ‘considered’, without specifying how this is to be done. In Australia, this lack of clarity leaves all parties uncertain about requirements for SIA. The New South Wales (NSW) Government’s 2017 release of the SIA guideline for State-significant mining, petroleum and extractive industry development represents an attempt to clarify requirements and provide guidance. In this paper, we describe the process of bringing this guideline to fruition from the perspective of being directly involved in its development, and highlight the challenges involved in integrating leading-practice principles into the state’s pre-existing policy framework. While the guideline represents a significant advance in policy-based SIA guidance, some aspects leave room for improvement. The real test of the guideline’s impact will lie in its influence on SIA practice in NSW, and ultimately in social outcomes for communities affected by resources projects. 相似文献
22.
Automatic load shedding is the ultimate countermeasure against imbalance in a power system and can effectively help preventing large blackouts. Taking into account a high penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) in the distribution grid, a clear distinction between load and generation at the PCC becomes increasingly more difficult. For that reason an adaptation of frequency relay parameters and their locations of installation are necessary. In Europe this is rest on a multi-step plan based on values such as the yearly peak load. In this paper a novel probabilistic method for automatic load shedding is presented that uses the average values instead of peak values for load shedding. Its applicability is verified by a dynamic power system model that was developed to compare the classical and novel probabilistic load shedding principle. The method is verified using data from a German TSO. 相似文献
23.
联轴器在旋转过程中连续传递扭矩且具备一定缓冲和减振的保护作用,而又不改变初始旋转方向和扭矩大小,BHDDF350型联轴器是某型矿用减速机与电机之间的扭矩传动部件。从该型联轴器的运行工况、结构分布、损坏形式等方面查找并分析了其失效原因,依据其受力分析提出了改进型设计方案,以供业内参考。改进设计后的联轴器,弹性块受力均匀,且最大受力降比30%以上,可有效延长联轴器的整体使用寿命,减少了煤矿井下日常的维护工作量。 相似文献
24.
25.
针对国内某炼油厂延迟焦化加热炉三点注汽问题,采用热负荷自动调节的算法进行了研究。运用该模型方法,分析了三点注汽量对加热炉热负荷和炉管结焦系数的影响,发现三点注汽量的改变均会对热负荷和炉管结焦系数产生影响,主要表现为提高注汽量将会提高热负荷,同时降低结焦系数;第1点注汽量和第2点注汽量对热负荷和结焦系数的影响较强,第3点注汽量对热负荷和结焦系数的影响较弱。在实际操作中,加热炉中的结焦程度既不能太强也不能太弱,合适的结焦系数能够保证正常开工周期里炉管不结焦,也能保证瓦斯、注汽量等参数的合理分配。通过对热负荷、注汽量的智能分配,可得到不同原料油加工负荷条件下更加合理的装置运行方案。 相似文献
26.
The perpetual energy production of a wind farm could be accomplished (under proper weather conditions) if no failures occurred. But even the best possible design, manufacturing, and maintenance of a system cannot eliminate the failure possibility. In order to understand and minimize the system failures, the most crucial components of the wind turbines, which are prone to failures, should be identified. Moreover, it is essential to determine and classify the criticality of the system failures according to the impact of these failure events on wind turbine safety. The present study is processing the failure data from a wind farm and uses the Fault Tree Analysis as a baseline for applying the Design Structure Matrix technique to reveal the failure and risk interactions between wind turbine subsystems. Based on the analysis performed and by introducing new importance measures, the “readiness to fail” of a subsystem in conjunction with the “failure riskiness” can determine the “failure criticality.” The value of the failure criticality can define the frame within which interventions could be done. The arising interventions could be applied either to the whole system or could be focused in specified pairs of wind turbine subsystems. In conclusion, the method analyzed in the present research can be effectively applied by the wind turbine manufacturers and the wind farm operators as an operation framework, which can lead to a limited (as possible) design‐out maintenance cost, failures' minimization, and safety maximization for the whole wind turbine system. 相似文献
27.
Chahmi OUCIF Luthfi Muhammad MAULUDIN Farid Abed 《Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering》2020,14(2):299
This work presents a numerical simulation of ballistic penetration and high velocity impact behavior of plain and reinforced concrete slabs. In this paper, we focus on the comparison of the performance of the plain and reinforced concrete slabs of unconfined compressive strength 41 MPa under ballistic impact. The concrete slab has dimensions of 675 mm × 675 mm × 200 mm, and is meshed with 8-node hexahedron solid elements in the impact and outer zones. The ogive-nosed projectile is considered as rigid element that has a mass of 0.386 kg and a length of 152 mm. The applied velocities vary between 540 and 731 m/s. 6 mm of steel reinforcement bars were used in the reinforced concrete slabs. The constitutive material modeling of the concrete and steel reinforcement bars was performed using the Johnson-Holmquist-2 damage and the Johnson-Cook plasticity material models, respectively. The analysis was conducted using the commercial finite element package Abaqus/Explicit. Damage diameters and residual velocities obtained by the numerical model were compared with the experimental results and effect of steel reinforcement and projectile diameter were studies. The validation showed good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. The added steel reinforcements to the concrete samples were found efficient in terms of ballistic resistance comparing to the plain concrete sample. 相似文献
28.
Shuncheng Liu Kejian Wang Zhongfeng Zhang Yueqing Ren Lanlan Chen Xiaojie Sun Wenbin Liang 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2020,60(10):2640-2652
Three kinds of ethylene-octene copolymers (POE) were melt-blended with high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) in different proportions. Detailed characterizations were conducted to analyze their structural differences of POE and its effects in toughening PE-HD. The higher molecular weight POE can improve the toughness of PE-HD. 60:40 PE-HD/POE is elongated to break up to 700% while impact strength is 84.7 kJ/m2 at −30°C, which is 21-fold of PE-HD. In the brittle to ductile transition (BDT) during impact, the fracture mechanism changes from the crazing mode to the shear yield-plastic deformation mode. The BDT temperature decreases as the POE molecular weight and its content increase. The interface strength in tension is estimated to access their effects. The Boltzmann-type models were successfully extended to describe the typical S-shaped curves in BDT of notched impact strength vs POE content or temperature. The supplementary decay model is suggested for the attenuation in toughening. Transition map in impact is proposed to select the use range of composition (c ) and temperature (T ) for high toughness. The curves are converted into 3D graph of T -c -impact strength for illustrating their coupling-separate effects, and further into the contour map of impact strength in T -c space for finding their partial equivalence. 相似文献
29.
采用CFD数值模拟方法,研究了旋转壳顶在不同矢跨比、长宽比等参数影响下的风压分布特性,并得到风载体型系数,对现行风荷载规范作了一定的补充。 相似文献
30.
A Distributed Virtual Environment (DVE) system offers a computer-generated virtual world in which individuals located at different
places in the physical world can interact with one another. In order to achieve real-time response for a large user base,
DVE systems need to have a scalable architecture. In this paper, we present the design of a grid-enabled service oriented
framework for facilitating the construction of scalable DVE systems on computing grids. A service component called “gamelet”
is proposed, whose distinctive mark is its high mobility for supporting dynamic load sharing. We propose a gamelet migration
protocol which can ensure the transparency and efficiency of gamelet migration, and an adaptive gamelet load-balancing (AGLB)
algorithm for making gamelet redistribution decisions at runtime. The algorithm considers both the synchronization costs of
the DVE system and network latencies inherent in the grid nodes. The activities of the users and the heterogeneity of grid
resources are also considered in order to carry out load sharing more effectively. We evaluate the performance of the proposed
mechanisms through a multiplayer online game prototype implemented using the Globus toolkit. The results show that our approach
can achieve faster response times and higher throughputs than some existing approaches.
This research is supported in part by the China National Grid project (863 program) and the HKU Foundation Seed Grant 28506002. 相似文献